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Greek Reference

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Alphabet
Letter Name Sound
Α α Alpha a "bar"
Β β Beta b
Γ γ Gamma g
(Sounds like n before γ, κ, ξ, or χ, γ See Phonograms)
Δ δ Delta d
Ε ε Epsilon e "get"
Ζ ζ Zeta dz "kudzu"
Η η Eta ê "hey"
Θ θ Theta th
Ι ι Iota i "beet"
Κ κ Kappa k
Λ λ Lambda l
Μ μ Mu m
Ν ν Nu n
Ξ ξ Xi ks
Ο ο Omicron o "not"
Π π Pi p
Ρ ρ Rho r
Σ σ Sigma
(within word)
s
(Sounds like z before β, γ, δ, and μ, σ. See Phonograms)
ς Sigma
(end of word)
s
Τ τ Tau t
Υ υ Upsilon u "put"
Φ φ Phi f "phone"
Χ χ Chi kh "Bach"
Ψ ψ Psi ps psych
Ω ω Omega ō "grōw"
Note the insertion of a macron (-) above o in pronunciation guides to differentiate ω (omega) from ο (omicron).
Phonograms
Letters Sound Like
αι ahee "aisle"
αυ ow "grouse"
γγ ng "angel"
γκ nk "anklet"
γξ nx "larynx"
γχ nkh "sinkhole"
ει ī "eye"
Note the insertion of a macron (-) above i in pronunciation guides to differetiate ει (epsilon iota) from ι (iota)
ευ yoo "beautiful"
ηι ayee "say"
οι oi "boy"
οκ ook "spook"
ου oo "boot"
σβ zb "presbyter"
σγ zg "newsgroup"
σδ zd "wisdom"
σμ zm "seismic"
Grammar

Part

  • Noun - A person, place, or object
  • Adjective - Modifies a noun. Describes quality, state, or action of noun
  • Pronoun - Replaces noun to avoid repetition of it
  • Conjunction - Connects words, phrases and clauses
  • Particle - Uninflected word that does not clearly belong to one of the parts of speech
  • Interjection - Stand alone word to describe reaction or emotion
  • Preposition - Conveys agency, comparison, direction, place, posession, source, source, or time
  • Adverb - Expresses relation of verb, adjective, or other adverb
  • Verb - An action, state of being, or occurence

Relation

  • Article - Replaces noun
  • Demonstrative - Points if noun is near or far
  • Interrogative - Asks question
  • Indefinite - Refer to no object specifically
  • Personal - Replaces noun referring to person /
    Possessive - Indicate relationship with person
  • Relative - Introduces clause modifying previous noun
  • Reflexive - Indicate noun acting upon itself

    • Conjunctions

    • Conjuctive - Indicate connection or combination
    • Disjunctive - Indicate separation or mutual exclusivity
    • Contrastive - Contrasts two words/phrases/sentences as different in some way
    • Causal - Expresses relationship of cause: Reason or result; Goal or purpose
    • Conditional - Introduces situation: Hypothetical or Actual
    • Concessive - Expresses exception or disclaimer to previous statement
    • Restrictive - Sets apart clause/phrase as unique within its's context
    • Asservative - Expresses affirmation of previous statement

Person

  • 1st - The person speaking
  • 2nd - The person spoken to
  • 3rd - The person spoken of or about

Tense

  • Present - Continuing in the present
  • Imperfect - Continuing in the past
  • Future - Occurence in the future
  • Aorist - Occurence in the past
  • Perfect - Completed in past with present results
  • Pluperfect - Completed in past with past results

Voice

  • Active - Subject carries out action directed at others
  • Middle - Others carry out action directed at subject
  • Passive - Subject carries out action directed at itself
  • Participle - Continuing incomplete action

Mood

  • Indicative - Action portrayed as real
  • Imperative - Command to perform action
  • Subjunctive - Potential or possibile action
  • Optative - Hypothetical action
  • Infinitive - Action without person or number
  • Participle - Describes verb quality, state or action

Case

  • Nominative - Object performing action
  • Genitive - Describes function of object
  • Dative - Object benefitting from action
  • Accusative - Object receiving action
  • Vocative - Object being addressed

Number

  • Singular - Only one of
  • Dual - Two of
  • Plural - More than one of

Gender

Refers to grammatical gender, which is determined purely by grammatical usage.
  • Masculine - Male attributes
  • Feminine - Female attributes
  • Neuter - No male or female attributes

Degree

  • Comparative - Better than
  • Superlative - Best of